منابع مشابه
Inference to the Best Explanation
Our initial survey of the problems of induction and explanation is now complete. We have considered some of the forms these problems take, some of the reasons they are so difficult to solve, and some of the weaknesses in various attempts to solve them. In the last chapter, I also attempted something more constructive, by giving what I hope is an improved version of the causal model of explanati...
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This article reports results from two studies of how people answer counterfactual questions about simple machines. Participants learned about devices that have a specific configuration of components, and they answered questions of the form "If component X had not operated [failed], would component Y have operated?" The data from these studies indicate that participants were sensitive to the way...
متن کاملInference to the Best Explanation (article)
Science depends on judgments of the bearing of evidence on theory. Scientists must judge whether an observation or the result of an experiment supports, disconfirms, or is simply irrelevant to a given hypothesis. Similarly, scientists may judge that, given all the available evidence, a hypothesis ought to be accepted as correct or nearly so, rejected as false, or neither. Occasionally, these ev...
متن کاملInference-Based Constraint Satisfaction Supports Explanation
Constraint satisfaction problems are typically solved using search, augmented by general purpose consistency inference methods. This paper proposes a paradigm shift in which inference is used as the primary problem solving method, and attention is focused on special purpose, domain specific inference methods. While we expect this approach to have computational advantages, we emphasize here the ...
متن کاملOntology-Based Inference for Causal Explanation
We define an inference system to capture explanations based on causal statements, using an ontology in the form of an IS-A hierarchy. We first introduce a simple logical language which makes it possible to express that a fact causes another fact and that a fact explains another fact. We present a set of formal inference patterns from causal statements to explanation statements. These patterns e...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Synthese
سال: 2018
ISSN: 0039-7857,1573-0964
DOI: 10.1007/s11229-018-1791-y